Paris 2024: the most high-risk Games in history? – Marco Lombardi and Maria Alvanou

On-going global geopolitical scene and tensions between major powers fueled by Israel-Hamas conflict, see Paris Olympics at high risk of terrorist attacks with 1972 Munich Olympics as a precedent

7:00 PM MYT

 

FRANCE’s volatile political climate and global tensions pose major security threats to the Paris Olympics, prompting unprecedented security measures.

The Paris Olympics will be one of the most high-risk in history owing to a combination of internal strife within France and heightened global geopolitical tensions. 

France is grappling with deep internal divisions: the country’s volatile political climate and the potential for demonstrations or violence pose significant challenges for organisers. 

The current global geopolitical landscape, marked by heightened tensions between major powers, further amplifies the security threats. The Olympics could serve as a potential target for state-sponsored actors seeking to exploit the event for their own agendas.

In response to these elevated threats, organisers are implementing unprecedented security measures, including deploying a record number of security personnel. 

About 30,000 police, increasing to a record 45,000 at peak times, will work on the four-week Olympics and Paralympics across the Ile-de-France region covering Paris. They will be supplemented with police forces from across Europe to bolster security efforts.

Islamist terror

A significant concern is the threat posed by Islamist terrorist networks. 

Previous attacks on sporting and cultural events, combined with reports of foiled attempts by French authorities, underline this risk. 

The escalation of the Israel-Hamas conflict following the October 7 2023 terror attack exacerbates this danger. Islamist terrorists may exploit the situation to position themselves as defenders of Palestinians and Muslims, targeting not just Israel but also Western countries that support Israel.

Islamic State (IS) emerges as a primary suspect, especially since it operates as an umbrella network offering justification, inspiration and identity to lone actors and small cells operating in its name. 

Jielbeaumadier_marche_contre_daesh_2_paris_2014
Demonstration at the World Day against IS, for Kobanê, for Humanity, conducted by the Kurdish democratic council of France and other organisations in November 2014 in Paris. Picture by Jiel Beaumadier. – Wikimedia Commons pic, July 25, 2024

The possibility of Hamas conducting operations on European soil, as evidenced by arrests in Denmark and Germany, complicates the landscape. 

Historically, Hamas has distanced itself from international Islamist terrorist networks such as IS and Al Qaeda, focusing on Israel. However, the dynamics have shifted post-October 7, with the conflict being framed as a broader Arab and Muslim cause against a morally corrupt West supporting Israel. 

This alignment could potentially lead to cooperation between Hamas and IS. The 1972 Munich Olympics serve as a tragic reminder of the vulnerability of such events. The infiltration of the Olympic Village, the killing of Israeli athletes, and the taking of hostages by Black September highlight the dangers. 

The anti-Semitic atmosphere in Europe, coupled with past rhetoric justifying attacks on Israelis, suggests Israeli athletes and fans could be at heightened risk during the Paris Olympics.

Deadly threats

Hostage-taking, suicide bombings, and planted explosives are among the potential threats. 

Black September Munich 1972 balcony
A member of Black September seen on the balcony at the Olympic Village in a hostage situation during the 1972 Munich Olympics. – Screengrab pic, July 25, 2024

Although suicide bombings have become less common in Europe, they remain a possibility. The complexity of monitoring and gathering intelligence requires international cooperation to thwart such attacks. 

The recent attacks by IS-affiliated militants in Moscow demonstrate the deadly potential of shooting sprees in crowded areas, while France’s experience with knife and vehicle attacks adds another layer of concern. 

The worst-case scenario involves multiple, simultaneous attacks across various locations, employing diverse methods and targets, extending beyond athletic venues to include churches and synagogues.

What motivates a terrorist?

The threat landscape is further complicated by the diverse pathways to radicalisation and the varied motivations that drive individuals to violence.

Extremists draw inspiration from a range of ideologies, and their motivations may be personal, social, or political. That’s also because the Olympics provide an attractive high-profile platform for extremist groups and individuals seeking to carry out attacks.

Alt-right extremism is another significant threat. On July 17, French anti-terror police detained an alleged neo-Nazi sympathiser suspected of wanting to target the Olympic torch relay.

Beyond Paris 

Social media plays a crucial role in amplifying extremist narratives and providing a platform for radicalisation. 

The interconnectedness of the digital world means that even attacks far from Paris, such as at a public viewing event, could have a significant impact on the Games.

But security considerations extend beyond the immediate vicinity of Olympic venues, encompassing all media-related and public events associated with the games. The global reach of the Olympics means that any security breach, regardless of location, could have far-reaching consequences.

The spirit of the Olympics lies in peaceful competition, reminiscent of their ancient Greek origins. The 2024 Paris Olympics present a unique set of security challenges, requiring a comprehensive and multifaceted approach that addresses both internal and external threats.

International cooperation, intelligence gathering, and a thorough understanding of the evolving threat landscape are crucial for safeguarding athletes, spectators, and the public. – July 25, 2024

Marco Lombardi, director of ITSTIME research centre, is full professor at the Catholic University of Sacred Heart, where he teaches crisis management and risk communication, mass communication theory, sociology, intelligence and counter terrorism and security policies. He is member of the Governmental Commission on Counter Radicalisation and of the Strategic Policy Committee of the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation. 

Maria Alvanou is a criminologist (International Research Doctorate in Criminology-University of Trento) with the Italian Team for Security, Terroristic Issues & Managing Emergencies (ITSTIME) at the Catholic University of Sacred Heart. Her doctoral research on Palestinian female suicide bombers during the second Intifada included fieldwork in Israel. She has been a member of the RAN and has taught at several law enforcement and military schools. 

Originally published under Creative Commons by 360info.

Topics

 

Popular

Influencer who recited Quran at Batu Caves accused of sexual misconduct in Netherlands

Abdellatif Ouisa has targeted recently converted, underage Muslim women, alleges Dutch publication

Duck and cover? FashionValet bought Vivy’s 30 Maple for RM95 mil in 2018

Purchase of Duck's holding company which appears to be owned wholly by Datin Vivy Yusof and husband Datuk Fadzarudin Shah Anuar was made same year GLICs invested RM47 mil

Lelaki Itu bongkar konflik rumah tangga, penonton juga alami perkara sama: Sarimah Ibrahim

Isu kesihatan mental yang cuba diangkat dalam drama bersiri Lelaki Itu antara faktor utama artis versatil, Che Puan Sarimah Ibrahim bersetuju membawakan watak sebagai Sharifah Qaidah.

Related