KUALA LUMPUR – As the guardian of the country’s democracy, practised since 1957, the function of the institution of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong as the pillar of the nation’s peace and the pulse of unity in the country needs to be maintained and continue to be reinforced, said Al-Sultan Abdullah Ri’ayatuddin Al-Mustafa Billah Shah.
The outgoing king emphasised the significance of fortifying the institution to safeguard the people and the country’s administration, thereby fulfilling the responsibilities and utilising the powers as enshrined in the federal constitution.
According to Al-Sultan Abdullah, the institution serves not only as a symbol of unity in the diverse society of the country but also as a platform of hope for the people in addressing the challenges confronting the nation.
“I believe this institution holds great importance for our nation, which is characterised by its multiracial, multi-religious and diverse ethnic make-up. It is crucial to maintain and uphold this institution for the benefit of the country and the well-being of future generations.
“If possible, efforts should be directed towards further strengthening it, not by augmenting individual powers. This emphasis is not about any specific individual, including myself, but rather about the institution itself.
The Agong stated that the role of the institution was not about idolisation but rather about strengthening it, ensuring the system’s continuous protection of the people and the administration.
“The Agong serves a five-year term, and upon completion, returns to the state,” said the king in an interview with editors and senior journalists of mainstream media in conjunction with the end of the reign of the 16th Yang di-Pertuan Agong at Istana Negara, recently.
The interview, conducted in a relaxed manner with the presence of Raja Permaisuri Agong Tunku Azizah Aminah Maimunah Iskandariah, lasted almost two hours.
Despite the Agong’s adherence to the prime minister’s advice, Al-Sultan Abdullah underscored the crucial role played as the head of state.
The king ensures that the country’s administration follows the right path as prescribed by the country’s laws and the federal constitution.
Al-Sultan Abdullah highlighted the importance of strengthening education at the school level regarding the history and role of the Malay rulers and leaders as outlined in the constitution.
The Agong also emphasised the need for harmonious relations between the ruler and the people.
“The rulers also need to understand their roles, as it takes two to tango. I’m not claiming perfection, but I wish to offer advice to myself and fellow rulers on the importance of knowing our roles, being close to the people, understanding their problems and providing assistance.
“The responsibilities and roles of the rulers are numerous. It is essential to stay connected to the palace and the royal institution. Avoid distancing from them, as they belong to the people,” said Al-Sultan Abdullah.
Concerning the actions of certain parties disrespecting the royal institution and intentionally raising issues related to the 3Rs (race, religion, royalty) to instigate anxiety in the community, Al-Sultan Abdullah advised the people to always behave with courtesy and maintain decorum when expressing opinions about any matter.
“Don’t overdo it, there have to be limits. I understand that sometimes there is a feeling of discontentment, but express it appropriately. Avoid defaming others and using abusive language; it is not respectful and does not reflect our culture,” said Al-Sultan Abdullah, who was sworn in as the 16th Yang di-Pertuan Agong on January 31, 2019.
Reflecting on Al-Sultan Abdullah’s five-year reign, the king faced various challenges and incidents, including the Covid-19 pandemic, which led to the proclamation of a state of emergency and the implementation of the movement control order in the country.
The Agong’s wisdom was also tested by the political turmoil in the country, witnessing the change of four prime ministers, namely Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad, Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin, Datuk Seri Ismail Sabri Yaakob and Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim.
However, Al-Sultan Abdullah’s firm and calm nature, along with discussions with the Conference of Rulers, allowed the ruler, who holds a diploma in international relations and diplomacy, to resolve the problems.
“When I took office as Yang di-Pertuan Agong, I realised that the appointment was made with the consent of the Conference of Rulers. Therefore, whatever I do, and my actions are on behalf of the Conference of Rulers.”
“Yes, all decisions are by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. What I did was to raise (whatever issues to the Conference of Rulers), I consult and discuss, accept their views and suggestions, but the decision of the day comes from the Agong himself,” said Al-Sultan Abdullah.
During his five-year reign, Al-Sultan Abdullah held special discussions with the Conference of Rulers three times.
The first took place on October 25, 2020, to discuss a proposal by then prime minister Muhyiddin regarding the proclamation of an emergency under Article 150(1) of the federal constitution and the Emergency (Essential Powers) Ordinance 2020 to combat the threat of the Covid-19 pandemic.
The second special discussion of the Conference of Rulers was held on June 16, 2021, focusing on efforts to combat the spread of Covid-19 and its implementation during the emergency period.
The third discussion was on November 24, 2022, regarding the formation of a new government following the 15th general election – which concluded with a hung Parliament, with no party or political coalition securing a majority to form a government. – January 29, 2024